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J Virol, February 1998, p. 1610-1615, Vol. 72, No. 2
0022-538X/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Foamy Virus Particle Formation

Nicole Fischer,1 Martin Heinkelein,1 Dirk Lindemann,1 Jörg Enssle,1 Christopher Baum,2 Evelyn Werder,3 Hanswalter Zentgraf,4 Justus G. Müller,3 and Axel Rethwilm1,*

Institut für Virologie und Immunbiologie1 and Institut für Pathologie,3 Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Heinrich-Pette-Institut für Experimentelle Virologie und Immunologie, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg,2 and Angewandte Tumorvirologie, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg,4 Germany

Received 13 August 1997/Accepted 30 October 1997

Subgenomic expression plasmids for the so-called human foamy virus (HFV) structural gag, gag/pol, and env genes were constructed and used to analyze foamy virus particle formation by electron microscopy. Expression of an R-U5-gag-pol construct under control of the human cytomegalovirus immediate-early enhancer-promoter resulted in the formation of viral cores with a homogeneous size of approximately 50 nm located in the cytoplasm. Upon coexpression of an envelope construct, particles were observed budding into cytoplasmic vesicles and from the plasma membrane. Expression of the Gag protein precursor pr74 alone led to aberrantly formed viral particles of heterogeneous size and with open cores. Normal-shaped cores were seen after transfection of a construct expressing the p70gag cleavage product, indicating that p70gag is able to assemble into capsids. Coexpression of p70gag and Env resulted in budding virions, ruling out a requirement of the reverse transcriptase for capsid or virion formation. In sharp contrast to other retroviruses, the HFV cores did not spontaneously bud from cellular membranes. Radiochemical labeling followed by protein gel electrophoresis also revealed the intracellular retention of Env-deprived HFV capsids.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Institut für Virologie und Immunbiologie, Versbacher Str. 7, 97078 Würzburg, Germany. Phone: (49)-931-201-3928. Fax: (49)-931-201-3934. E-mail: Rethwilm{at}vim.uni-wuerzburg.de.




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