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J Virol, February 1998, p. 1224-1234, Vol. 72, No. 2
0022-538X/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Measles Viruses with Altered Envelope Protein Cytoplasmic Tails Gain Cell Fusion Competence

Toni Cathomen, Hussein Y. Naim, and Roberto Cattaneo*

Institut für Molekularbiologie, Universität Zürich, Hönggerberg, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland

Received 24 July 1997/Accepted 16 October 1997

The cytoplasmic tail of the measles virus (MV) fusion (F) protein is often altered in viruses which spread through the brain of patients suffering from subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE). We transferred the coding regions of F tails from SSPE viruses in an MV genomic cDNA. Similarly, we constructed and transferred mutated tail-encoding regions of the other viral glycoprotein hemagglutinin (H) gene. From the mutated genomic cDNAs, we achieved rescue of viruses that harbor different alterations of the F tail, deletions in the membrane-distal half of the H tail, and combinations of these mutations. Viruses with alterations in any of the tails spread rapidly through the monolayer via enhanced cell-cell fusion. Double-tail mutants had even higher fusion competence but slightly decreased infectivity. Analysis of the protein composition of released mutant viral particles indicated that the tails are necessary for accurate virus envelope assembly and suggested a direct F tail-matrix (M) protein interaction. Since even tail-altered glycoproteins colocalized with M protein in intracellular patches, additional interactions may exist. We conclude that in MV infections, including SSPE, the glycoprotein tails are involved not only in virus envelope assembly but also in the control of virus-induced cell fusion.


* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Institut für Molekularbiologie, Abteilung I, Universität Zürich, Hönggerberg, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland. Phone: 41 1 633 2492. Fax: 41 1 371 7205. E-mail: cattaneo{at}molbio1.unizh.ch.




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