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Journal of Virology, December 1998, p. 9986-9991, Vol. 72, No. 12
0022-538X/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Host Range and Interference Studies of Three Classes of Pig Endogenous Retrovirus

Yasuhiro Takeuchi,1,* Clive Patience,1 Saema Magre,1 Robin A. Weiss,1 Papia T. Banerjee,2 Paul Le Tissier,3 and Jonathan P. Stoye3

Chester Beatty Laboratories, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, United Kingdom1; BioTransplant Incorporated, Charlestown, Massachusetts2; and National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, United Kingdom3

Received 5 June 1998/Accepted 21 August 1998

Recent interest in the use of porcine organs, tissues, and cells for xenotransplantation to humans has highlighted the need to characterize the properties of pig endogenous retroviruses (PERVs). Analysis of a variety of pig cells allowed us to isolate and identify three classes of infectious type C endogenous retrovirus (PERV-A, PERV-B, and PERV-C) which have distinct env genes but have highly homologous sequences in the rest of the genome. To study the properties of these env genes, expression plasmids for the three env genes were constructed and used to generate retrovirus vectors bearing corresponding Env proteins. Host range analyses by the vector transduction assay showed that PERV-A and PERV-B Envs have wider host ranges, including several human cell lines, compared with PERV-C Env, which infected only two pig cell lines and one human cell line. All PERVs could infect pig cells, indicating that the PERVs have a potential to replicate in pig transplants in immunosuppressed patients. Receptors for PERV-A and PERV-B were present on cells of some other species, including mink, rat, mouse, and dog, suggesting that such species may provide useful model systems to study infection and pathogenicity of PERV. In contrast, no vector transduction was observed on nonhuman primate cell lines, casting doubt on the utility of nonhuman primates as models for PERV zoonosis. Interference studies showed that the three PERV strains use receptors distinct from each other and from a number of other type C mammalian retroviruses.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Chester Beatty Laboratories, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Rd., London SW3 6JB, United Kingdom. Phone: 44-171-352-8133. Fax: 44-171-352-3044. E-mail: yasuhiro{at}icr.ac.uk

Journal of Virology, December 1998, p. 9986-9991, Vol. 72, No. 12
0022-538X/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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