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Journal of Virology, December 1998, p. 9844-9854, Vol. 72, No. 12
0022-538X/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Antiapoptotic but Not Antiviral Function of Human bcl-2 Assists Establishment of Japanese Encephalitis Virus Persistence in Cultured Cells

Ching-Len Liao,1,* Yi-Ling Lin,1,2 Shih-Cheng Shen,3 Jing-Yih Shen,3 Hong-Lin Su,4 Yue-Ling Huang,3 Shiou-Hwa Ma,3 Yi-Ching Sun,1 Ko-Pei Chen,1 and Li-Kuang Chen5

Department of Microbiology and Immunology,1 Institute of Preventive Medicine,3 and Graduate Institute of Life Science,4 National Defense Medical Center, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica,2 and Department of Immunology, Buddhist Tzu-Chi Medical College,5 Taiwan, Republic of China

Received 20 April 1998/Accepted 9 September 1998

Upon infection of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), baby hamster kidney (BHK-21) and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells were killed by a mechanism involved in apoptosis. While readily established in a variety of cell lines, JEV persistence has never been successfully instituted in BHK-21 and CHO cells. Since stable expression of human bcl-2 in BHK-21 cells has been shown to delay JEV-induced apoptosis, in this study we investigated whether JEV persistence could be established in such cells. When constitutively expressing bcl-2, but not its closest homolog, bcl-XL, following a primary lytic infection, approximately 5 to 10% of BHK-21 and CHO cells became persistently JEV infected during a long-term culture. From the persistent bulks, several independent clones were selected and expanded to form stable cell lines that continuously produced infectious virus without marked cytopathic effects (CPE). Among these stable cell lines, the truncated nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) was also detected and was indistinguishable from the NS1 truncations previously observed in JEV-persistent murine neuroblastoma N18 cells. However, the stable expression of NS1 alone, regardless of whether it was truncated or full length, failed to render the engineered cells persistently infected by JEV, implying that aberrant NS1 proteins were likely a consequence of, rather than a cause for, the viral persistence. Enforced bcl-2 expression, which did not affect virus replication and spread during the early phase of cytolytic infection, appeared to attain JEV persistence by restriction of virus-induced CPE. Our results suggest that it is the antiapoptotic, rather than the antiviral, effect of cellular bcl-2 which plays a role in the establishment of JEV persistence.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, P.O. Box 90048-505, Taipei 100, Taiwan, Republic of China. Phone: (886) 2-2367-5774. Fax: (886) 2-2368-1038. E-mail: chinglen{at}ms1.hinet.net.

Journal of Virology, December 1998, p. 9844-9854, Vol. 72, No. 12
0022-538X/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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