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Journal of Virology, December 1998, p. 9561-9566, Vol. 72, No. 12
0022-538X/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Novel Entry Pathway of Bovine Herpesvirus 1 and 5

Peter Wild,1,* Elisabeth M. Schraner,1 Jeanne Peter,1 Eva Loepfe,2 and Monika Engels2

Institute of Veterinary Anatomy1 and Institute of Virology,2 University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland

Received 18 May 1998/Accepted 20 August 1998

Herpesviruses enter cells by a yet poorly understood mechanism. We visualized the crucial steps of the entry pathway of bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) and BHV-5 by transmission and scanning electron microscopy, employing cryotechniques that include time monitoring, ultrarapid freezing, and freeze substitution of cultured cells inoculated with virus. A key step in the entry pathway of both BHV-1 and BHV-5 is a unique fusion of the outer phospholipid layer of the viral envelope with the inner layer of the plasma membrane and vice versa resulting in "crossing" of the fused membranes and in partial insertion of the viral envelope into the plasma membrane. The fusion area is proposed to function as an axis for driving the virus particle into an invagination that is concomitantly formed close to the fusion site. The virus particle enters the cytoplasm through the opened tip of the invagination, and the viral envelope defuses from the plasma membrane. There is strong evidence that the intact virus particle is then transported to the nuclear region.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Laboratory for Electron Microscopy, Winterthurerstr. 260, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland. Phone: 41-1-635-87-84. Fax: 41-1-635-89-11. E-mail: pewild{at}vetanat.unizh.ch.

Journal of Virology, December 1998, p. 9561-9566, Vol. 72, No. 12
0022-538X/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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