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Journal of Virology, December 1998, p. 10281-10285, Vol. 72, No. 12
0022-538X/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

A Pathogenic Threshold of Virus Load Defined in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus- or Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Macaques

Peter Ten Haaft,1 Babs Verstrepen,1 Klaus Überla,2 Brigitte Rosenwirth,1 and Jonathan Heeney1,*

Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Center, 2280 GH Rijswijk, The Netherlands,1 and Institut für Klinische und Molekulare Virologie, Friedrich Alexander Universität, 91054 Erlangen, Germany2

Received 26 May 1998/Accepted 21 August 1998

To determine if a specific pathogenic threshold of plasma viral RNA could be defined irrespective of virus strain, RNA levels in the plasma of more than 50 infected rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) were measured. Animals were inoculated intravenously with either simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) or simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) strains of known pathogenic potential (SIV8980, SIVsmm-3, SIVmac32H/J5, SIVmac32H/1XC, reverse transcriptase-SHIV, SHIV89.6p) or with attenuated strains (SHIVW6.1D, SHIVsf13, SHIVhan-2, SIVmacDelta nef, SHIVsf33). In animals inoculated with nonpathogenic strains, shortly after the primary peak of viremia viral RNA levels declined and remained below 104 RNA equivalents/ml of plasma between 6 and 12 weeks postinoculation. Animals infected with documented pathogenic strains maintained viral RNA levels higher than 105 RNA equivalents/ml of plasma. In animals infected with strains with low virulence, a decline in plasma RNA levels was observed, but with notable individual variation. Our results demonstrate that the disease-causing potential was predicted and determined by a threshold plasma virus load which remained greater than 105 RNA equivalents/ml of plasma 6 to 12 weeks after inoculation. A threshold virus load value which remained below 104 RNA equivalents/ml of plasma was indicative of a nonpathogenic course of infection.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Biomedical Primate Research Centre, P.O. Box 3306, 2280 GH Rijswijk, The Netherlands. Phone: 31 15 284 2661. Fax: 31 15 284 3986. E-mail: heeney{at}bprc.nl.

Journal of Virology, December 1998, p. 10281-10285, Vol. 72, No. 12
0022-538X/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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