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Journal of Virology, November 1998, p. 8559-8567, Vol. 72, No. 11
0022-538X/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

The Epstein-Barr Virus Lytic Transactivator Zta Interacts with the Helicase-Primase Replication Proteins

Zhigang Gao,1 Anita Krithivas,1 Jon E. Finan,1 O. John Semmes,1,dagger Sifang Zhou,1 Yilong Wang,1 and S. Diane Hayward1,2,*

Molecular Virology Laboratories, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences1 and Department of Oncology,2 Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205-2185

Received 13 April 1998/Accepted 2 July 1998

The Epstein-Barr virus transactivator Zta triggers lytic gene expression and is essential for replication of the lytic origin, oriLyt. Previous analysis indicated that the Zta activation domain contributed a replication-specific function. We now show that the Zta activation domain interacts with components of the EBV helicase-primase complex. The three helicase-primase proteins BBLF4 (helicase), BSLF1 (primase), and BBLF2/3 (primase-associated factor) were expressed fused to the Myc epitope. When expression plasmids for BBLF4 or BBLF2/3 plus BSLF1 (primase subcomplex) were separately transfected, the proteins localized to the cytoplasm. Interaction between Zta and the components of the helicase-primase complex was tested by examining the ability of Zta to alter the intracellular localization of these proteins. Cotransfection of Zta with Myc-BBLF4 resulted in nuclear translocation of Myc-BBLF4; similarly, cotransfection of Zta with the primase subcomplex led to nuclear translocation of the Myc-BSLF1 and Myc-BBLF2/3 proteins. This relocalization provides evidence for an interaction between Zta and the helicase and Zta and the primase subcomplex. An affinity assay using glutathione S-transferase-Zta fusion proteins demonstrated that Myc-BBLF4 and Myc-BBLF2/3 plus BSLF1 bound to the Zta activation domain (amino acids 1 to 133). In the nuclear relocalization assay, the amino-terminal 25 amino acids of Zta were required for efficient interaction with the primase subcomplex but not for interaction with BBLF4. Evidence for interaction between oriLyt bound Zta and the helicase-primase complex was obtained in a superactivation assay using an oriLyt-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter. Zta activated expression from a CAT reporter containing the complete oriLyt region and regulated by the oriLyt BHLF1 promoter. Cotransfection of the helicase-primase proteins, one of which was fused to a heterologous activation domain, led to Zta-dependent superactivation of CAT expression. This assay also provided evidence for an interaction between the single-stranded DNA binding protein, BALF2, and the Zta-tethered helicase-primase complex. The helicase-primase interaction is consistent with a role for Zta in stabilizing the formation of an origin-bound replication complex.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 725 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, Maryland 21205-2185. Phone: (410) 955-2548. Fax: (410) 955-8685. E-mail: diane_hayward{at}qmail.bs.jhu.edu.

dagger Present address: Department of Microbiology, University of Virginia Medical School, Charlottesville, VA 22908.

Journal of Virology, November 1998, p. 8559-8567, Vol. 72, No. 11
0022-538X/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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