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Journal of Virology, October 1998, p. 8174-8180, Vol. 72, No. 10
0022-538X/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Induction Mediated by Genistein Is Linked to Cell Cycle Arrest in G2

Joel Gozlan,1,dagger Janet L. Lathey,1 and Stephen A. Spector1,2,3,*

Department of Pediatrics,1 Center for Molecular Genetics,2 and Center for AIDS Research,3 University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California

Received 21 April 1998/Accepted 13 July 1998

Protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) phosphorylation is involved in cellular proliferation and differentiation processes that are key factors for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) regulation in infected monocytic cells. Short-term exposure of the chronically infected promyelocytic OM10 cell line with the PTK inhibitor genistein induced a dose-dependent increase in p24 antigen production in culture supernatants. This induction persisted in the presence of the reverse transcriptase inhibitor, zidovudine, and was associated with an increased transcription of HIV-1 multiply spliced and unspliced RNAs, suggesting a transcriptional mechanism targeting the integrated provirus. Genistein induced cell differentiation, apoptosis, and a G2 arrest in the OM10 cells. Cell differentiation and apoptosis were not directly involved in the observed increase in HIV-1 replication that was closely linked to genistein-induced G2 arrest. Alleviation of the G2 arrest by pentoxyfylline resulted in a concomitant reduction of HIV-1 to baseline replication. Additionally, by flow cytometry, a significant increase in the number of p24 antigen-expressing cells was observed in cells arrested in G2 compared to those located in G1 or S. Tyrosine kinase inhibition was found not to be essential for enhanced viral replication, which seemed to be related to two other properties of genistein, inhibition of topoisomerase II activity and inhibition of phosphotidylinositol turnover. These findings are consistent with the recent observation that HIV-1 Vpr induces viral replication through preventing proliferation of cells by arresting them in G2 of the cell cycle and strongly suggest that manipulation of the cell cycle plays an important role in HIV-1 pathogenesis.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Clinical Sciences Building, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093-0672. Phone: (619) 534-7170. Fax: (619) 534-7411. E-mail: saspector{at}ucsd.edu.

dagger Present address: Laboratoire de Virologie, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, 75012 Paris, France.

Journal of Virology, October 1998, p. 8174-8180, Vol. 72, No. 10
0022-538X/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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