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Journal of Virology, October 1998, p. 7745-7753, Vol. 72, No. 10
0022-538X/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Membrane Fusion Promoted by Increasing Surface Densities of the Paramyxovirus F and HN Proteins: Comparison of Fusion Reactions Mediated by Simian Virus 5 F, Human Parainfluenza Virus Type 3 F, and Influenza Virus HA

Rebecca Ellis Dutch,1 Sangeeta Bagai Joshi,1 and Robert A. Lamb1,2,*

Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Cell Biology1 and Howard Hughes Medical Institute,2 Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3500

Received 1 April 1998/Accepted 23 June 1998

The membrane fusion reaction promoted by the paramyxovirus simian virus 5 (SV5) and human parainfluenza virus type 3 (HPIV-3) fusion (F) proteins and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) proteins was characterized when the surface densities of F and HN were varied. Using a quantitative content mixing assay, it was found that the extent of SV5 F-mediated fusion was dependent on the surface density of the SV5 F protein but independent of the density of SV5 HN protein, indicating that HN serves only a binding function in the reaction. However, the extent of HPIV-3 F protein promoted fusion reaction was found to be dependent on surface density of HPIV-3 HN protein, suggesting that the HPIV-3 HN protein is a direct participant in the fusion reaction. Analysis of the kinetics of lipid mixing demonstrated that both initial rates and final extents of fusion increased with rising SV5 F protein surface densities, suggesting that multiple fusion pores can be active during SV5 F protein-promoted membrane fusion. Initial rates and extent of lipid mixing were also found to increase with increasing influenza virus hemagglutinin protein surface density, suggesting parallels between the mechanism of fusion promoted by these two viral fusion proteins.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Cell Biology, Northwestern University, 2153 North Campus Dr., Evanston, IL 60208-3500. Phone: (847) 491-5433. Fax: (847) 491-2467. E-mail: ralamb{at}nwu.edu.

Journal of Virology, October 1998, p. 7745-7753, Vol. 72, No. 10
0022-538X/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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