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J. Virol., Jan 1998, 527-534, Vol 72, No. 1
GH Hansen, B Delmas, L Besnardeau, LK Vogel, H Laude, H Sjostrom and O Noren
Aminopeptidase N is a species-specific receptor for transmissible
gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), which infects piglets, and for the 229E
virus, which infects humans. It is not known whether these coronaviruses
are endocytosed before fusion with a membrane of the target cell, causing a
productive infection, or whether they fuse directly with the plasma
membrane. We have studied the interaction between TGEV and a cell line
(MDCK) stably expressing recombinant pig aminopeptidase N (pAPN). By
electron microscopy and flow cytometry, TGEV was found to be associated
with the plasma membrane after adsorption to the pAPN-MDCK cells. TGEV was
also observed in endocytic pits and apical vesicles after 3 to 10 min of
incubation at 38 degrees C. The number of pits and apical vesicles was
increased by the TGEV incubation, indicating an increase in endocytosis.
After 10 min of incubation, a distinct TGEV-pAPN-containing population of
large intracellular vesicles, morphologically compatible with endosomes,
was found. A higher density of pAPN receptors was observed in the pits
beneath the virus particles than in the surrounding plasma membrane,
indicating that TGEV recruits pAPN receptors before endocytosis. Ammonium
chloride and bafilomycin A1 markedly inhibited the TGEV infection as judged
from virus production and protein biosynthesis analyses but did so only
when added early in the course of the infection, i.e., about 1 h after the
start of endocytosis. Together our results point to an acid intracellular
compartment as the site of fusion for TGEV.
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology
The coronavirus transmissible gastroenteritis virus causes infection after receptor-mediated endocytosis and acid-dependent fusion with an intracellular compartment
Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, The Panum Institute, Copenhagen N, Denmark.
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