This Article
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrowReprints and Permissions
Right arrow Copyright Information
Right arrow Books from ASM Press
Right arrow MicrobeWorld
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Jerome, K. R.
Right arrow Articles by Corey, L.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Jerome, K. R.
Right arrow Articles by Corey, L.

 Previous Article  |  Next Article 

J. Virol., Jan 1998, 436-441, Vol 72, No. 1
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology

Herpes simplex virus type 1 renders infected cells resistant to cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-induced apoptosis

KR Jerome, JF Tait, DM Koelle and L Corey
Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle 98195, USA.

Many viruses interfere with apoptosis of infected cells, presumably preventing cellular apoptosis as a direct response to viral infection. Since cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) induce apoptosis of infected cells as part of the "lethal hit," inhibition of apoptosis could represent an effective immune evasion strategy. We report here herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) interference with CTL-induced apoptosis of infected cells and show that HSV-1 inhibits the nuclear manifestations of apoptosis but not the membrane changes. The HL-60 cell line (human promyelocytic leukemia) undergoes apoptosis in response to many stimuli, including incubation with ethanol. After HSV-1 infection (strains E115 and 17+), ethanol-treated cells did not produce oligonucleosomal DNA fragments characteristic of apoptosis, as assayed by gel electrophoresis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Inhibition was detected 2 h after infection and increased over time. Importantly, HSV-1-infected cells were resistant to apoptosis induced by antigen-specific CD4+ CTL, despite the fact that CTL recognition and degranulation in response to infected targets remained intact. Unlike HSV-1, HSV-2 (strains 333 and HG52) did not inhibit DNA fragmentation. In contrast to the inhibition of DNA fragmentation by HSV-1, none of the HSV-1 or -2 strains interfered with the ethanol-induced exposure of surface phosphatidylserine characteristic of apoptosis, as determined by annexin V binding. These results demonstrate that genes of HSV-1 inhibit the nuclear manifestations of apoptosis but not the membrane manifestations, suggesting that these may be mediated via separate pathways. They also suggest that HSV-1 inhibition of CTL-induced apoptosis may be an important mechanism of immune evasion.


This article has been cited by other articles:

  • Aubert, M., Yoon, M., Sloan, D. D., Spear, P. G., Jerome, K. R. (2009). The Virological Synapse Facilitates Herpes Simplex Virus Entry into T Cells. J. Virol. 83: 6171-6183 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Zahariadis, G., Wagner, M. J., Doepker, R. C., Maciejko, J. M., Crider, C. M., Jerome, K. R., Smiley, J. R. (2008). Cell-Type-Specific Tyrosine Phosphorylation of the Herpes Simplex Virus Tegument Protein VP11/12 Encoded by Gene UL46. J. Virol. 82: 6098-6108 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Miles, D. H., Thakur, A., Cole, N., Willcox, M. D. P. (2007). The Induction and Suppression of the Apoptotic Response of HSV-1 in Human Corneal Epithelial Cells. IOVS 48: 789-796 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Dobbs, M. E., Strasser, J. E., Chu, C.-F., Chalk, C., Milligan, G. N. (2005). Clearance of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 by CD8+ T Cells Requires Gamma Interferon and either Perforin- or Fas-Mediated Cytolytic Mechanisms. J. Virol. 79: 14546-14554 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Branco, F. J., Fraser, N. W. (2005). Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Latency-Associated Transcript Expression Protects Trigeminal Ganglion Neurons from Apoptosis. J. Virol. 79: 9019-9025 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Xiao, Y., Zhong, Y., Su, H., Zhou, Z., Chiao, P., Zhong, G. (2005). NF-{kappa}B Activation Is Not Required for Chlamydia trachomatis Inhibition of Host Epithelial Cell Apoptosis. J. Immunol. 174: 1701-1708 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Janka, G., zur Stadt, U. (2005). Familial and Acquired Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis. ASH Education Book 2005: 82-88 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Mogensen, T. H., Melchjorsen, J., Malmgaard, L., Casola, A., Paludan, S. R. (2004). Suppression of Proinflammatory Cytokine Expression by Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1. J. Virol. 78: 5883-5890 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Stanziale, S. F., Petrowsky, H., Adusumilli, P. S., Ben-Porat, L., Gonen, M., Fong, Y. (2004). Infection with Oncolytic Herpes Simplex Virus-1 Induces Apoptosis in Neighboring Human Cancer Cells: A Potential Target to Increase Anticancer Activity. Clin. Cancer Res. 10: 3225-3232 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Sloan, D. D., Zahariadis, G., Posavad, C. M., Pate, N. T., Kussick, S. J., Jerome, K. R. (2003). CTL Are Inactivated by Herpes Simplex Virus-Infected Cells Expressing a Viral Protein Kinase. J. Immunol. 171: 6733-6741 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Peng, W., Henderson, G., Perng, G.-C., Nesburn, A. B., Wechsler, S. L., Jones, C. (2003). The Gene That Encodes the Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Latency-Associated Transcript Influences the Accumulation of Transcripts (Bcl-xL and Bcl-xS) That Encode Apoptotic Regulatory Proteins. J. Virol. 77: 10714-10718 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Medici, M. A., Sciortino, M. T., Perri, D., Amici, C., Avitabile, E., Ciotti, M., Balestrieri, E., De Smaele, E., Franzoso, G., Mastino, A. (2003). Protection by Herpes Simplex Virus Glycoprotein D against Fas-mediated Apoptosis: ROLE OF NUCLEAR FACTOR {kappa}B. J. Biol. Chem. 278: 36059-36067 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Goodkin, M. L., Ting, A. T., Blaho, J. A. (2003). NF-{kappa}B Is Required for Apoptosis Prevention during Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Infection. J. Virol. 77: 7261-7280 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Benetti, L., Munger, J., Roizman, B. (2003). The Herpes Simplex Virus 1 US3 Protein Kinase Blocks Caspase-Dependent Double Cleavage and Activation of the Proapoptotic Protein BAD. J. Virol. 77: 6567-6573 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Lovato, L., Inman, M., Henderson, G., Doster, A., Jones, C. (2003). Infection of Cattle with a Bovine Herpesvirus 1 Strain That Contains a Mutation in the Latency-Related Gene Leads to Increased Apoptosis in Trigeminal Ganglia during the Transition from Acute Infection to Latency. J. Virol. 77: 4848-4857 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Jones, C. (2003). Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 and Bovine Herpesvirus 1 Latency. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 16: 79-95 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Langelier, Y., Bergeron, S., Chabaud, S., Lippens, J., Guilbault, C., Sasseville, A. M.-J., Denis, S., Mosser, D. D., Massie, B. (2002). The R1 subunit of herpes simplex virus ribonucleotide reductase protects cells against apoptosis at, or upstream of, caspase-8 activation. J. Gen. Virol. 83: 2779-2789 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Harle, P., Cull, V., Agbaga, M.-P., Silverman, R., Williams, B. R. G., James, C., Carr, D. J. J. (2002). Differential Effect of Murine Alpha/Beta Interferon Transgenes on Antagonization of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Replication. J. Virol. 76: 6558-6567 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Moise, A. R., Grant, J. R., Vitalis, T. Z., Jefferies, W. A. (2002). Adenovirus E3-6.7K Maintains Calcium Homeostasis and Prevents Apoptosis and Arachidonic Acid Release. J. Virol. 76: 1578-1587 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Starr, J. R., Daling, J. R., Fitzgibbons, E. D., Madeleine, M. M., Ashley, R., Galloway, D. A., Schwartz, S. M. (2001). Serologic Evidence of Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Infection and Oropharyngeal Cancer Risk. Cancer Res. 61: 8459-8464 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Jerome, K. R., Chen, Z., Lang, R., Torres, M. R., Hofmeister, J., Smith, S., Fox, R., Froelich, C. J., Corey, L. (2001). HSV and Glycoprotein J Inhibit Caspase Activation and Apoptosis Induced by Granzyme B or Fas. J. Immunol. 167: 3928-3935 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Mikloska, Z., Bosnjak, L., Cunningham, A. L. (2001). Immature Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells Are Productively Infected with Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1. J. Virol. 75: 5958-5964 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Barcy, S., Corey, L. (2001). Herpes Simplex Inhibits the Capacity of Lymphoblastoid B Cell Lines to Stimulate CD4+ T Cells. J. Immunol. 166: 6242-6249 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Carr, D. J.J., Härle, P., Gebhardt, B. M. (2001). The Immune Response to Ocular Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Infection. Exp. Biol. Med. 226: 353-366 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Alemañ, N., Quiroga, M. I., López-Peña, M., Vázquez, S., Guerrero, F. H., Nieto, J. M. (2001). Induction and Inhibition of Apoptosis by Pseudorabies Virus in the Trigeminal Ganglion during Acute Infection of Swine. J. Virol. 75: 469-479 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Zhou, G., Roizman, B. (2000). Wild-Type Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Blocks Programmed Cell Death and Release of Cytochrome c but Not the Translocation of Mitochondrial Apoptosis-Inducing Factor to the Nuclei of Human Embryonic Lung Fibroblasts. J. Virol. 74: 9048-9053 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Sewell, A. K., Price, D. A., Oxenius, A., Kelleher, A. D., Phillips, R. E. (2000). Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Responses to Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Control and Escape. Stem Cells 18: 230-244 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Aubert, M., O'Toole, J., Blaho, J. A. (1999). Induction and Prevention of Apoptosis in Human HEp-2 Cells by Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1. J. Virol. 73: 10359-10370 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Jerome, K. R., Fox, R., Chen, Z., Sears, A. E., Lee, H.-y., Corey, L. (1999). Herpes Simplex Virus Inhibits Apoptosis through the Action of Two Genes, Us5 and Us3. J. Virol. 73: 8950-8957 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Raftery, M. J., Behrens, C. K., Muller, A., Krammer, P. H., Walczak, H., Schonrich, G. (1999). Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Infection of Activated Cytotoxic T Cells: Induction of Fratricide as a Mechanism of Viral Immune Evasion. JEM 190: 1103-1114 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Yasukawa, M., Ohminami, H., Yakushijin, Y., Arai, J., Hasegawa, A., Ishida, Y., Fujita, S. (1999). Fas-Independent Cytotoxicity Mediated by Human CD4+ CTL Directed Against Herpes Simplex Virus-Infected Cells. J. Immunol. 162: 6100-6106 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Galvan, V., Brandimarti, R., Roizman, B. (1999). Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Blocks Caspase-3-Independent and Caspase-Dependent Pathways to Cell Death. J. Virol. 73: 3219-3226 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Koelle, D. M., Frank, J. M., Johnson, M. L., Kwok, W. W. (1998). Recognition of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Tegument Proteins by CD4 T Cells Infiltrating Human Genital Herpes Lesions. J. Virol. 72: 7476-7483 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Miller, C.S., Danaher, R.J., Jacob, R.J. (1998). Molecular Aspects of Herpes Simplex Virus I Latency, Reactivation, and Recurrence. CROBM 9: 541-562 [Abstract] [Full Text]  


Copyright © 2009 by the American Society for Microbiology.   For an alternate route to Journals.ASM.org, visit: http://intl-journals.asm.org | More Info»