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J. Virol., 06 1997, 4857-4861, Vol 71, No. 6
Copyright © 1997, American Society for Microbiology

A homolog of interleukin-10 is encoded by the poxvirus orf virus

SB Fleming, CA McCaughan, AE Andrews, AD Nash and AA Mercer
Health Research Council Virus Research Unit and University of Otago Centre for Gene Research, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand. steve@sanger.otago.ac.nz

A gene encoding a polypeptide with homology to interleukin-10 (IL-10) has been discovered in the genome of orf virus (OV) strain NZ2, a parapoxvirus that infects sheep, goats, and humans. The predicted polypeptide sequence shows high levels of amino acid identity to IL-10 of sheep (80%), cattle (75%), humans (67%), and mice (64%), as well as IL-10-like proteins of Epstein-Barr virus (63%) and equine herpesvirus (67%). The C-terminal region, comprising two-thirds of the OV protein, is identical to ovine IL-10, which suggests that this gene has been captured from its host sheep during the evolution of OV. The IL-10-like gene is transcribed early. Conditioned medium from COS cells transfected with a eukaryotic expression vector containing the OV IL-10- like gene showed the same biological activity as ovine IL-10 in a murine thymocyte proliferation assay. OV IL-10 is likely to be important in immune evasion by OV, since IL-10 is a multifunctional cytokine that has inhibitory effects on nonspecific immunity and Th1 effector function.


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