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J. Virol., May 1997, 4150-4156, Vol 71, No. 5
G Herbein and S Gordon
We report in this study that repeated tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-
alpha) pretreatment, starting before and continued after infection by human
immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), inhibits replication of the
monocytotropic Ada strain in primary tissue culture-differentiated
macrophages (TCDM), as assessed by sixfold lower levels of reverse
transcriptase (RT) activity than that in untreated cells and absence of
syncytium formation in TCDM cultures. In order to determine the pathways
involved in inhibition of HIV-1 replication in primary TCDM pretreated with
TNF-alpha, we tested TNF-alpha mutants T55 and T75, which recognize either
the 55-kDa (TNF-R1) or the 75-kDa (TNF-R2) TNF receptor, respectively.
Pretreatment of TCDM with the T75 mutant decreased the RT activity compared
with that in untreated infected control cells fivefold and almost totally
inhibited syncytium formation. In contrast, when TCDM were pretreated with
the T55 mutant alone, syncytia were observed and RT activity was decreased
about one- half. These results suggest that the inhibition of HIV-1
replication in TCDM pretreated with TNF-alpha might be mediated mainly
through the 75- kDa TNF receptor (TNF-R2) rather than through the 55-kDa
receptor (TNF- R1). Inhibition of HIV-1 replication in TCDM was observed
with both T75 mutant pretreatment and posttreatment, starting at 1 h or 3
days after infection, whereas posttreatment with the T55 mutant, but not
pretreatment, stimulated HIV-1 growth in primary TCDM. Both pre- and
posttreatment with TNF-alpha inhibited HIV-1 replication in primary TCDM.
The stimulation of HIV-1 replication by TNF-alpha in a chronically infected
promonocytic cell line, U1, which contains two copies of integrated
provirus, was mediated through the 55-kDa TNF-R1 alone and not through the
75-kDa TNF-R2. These results demonstrate that the 55-kDa TNF-R1 is involved
in postintegration stimulation of HIV-1 while the 75-kDa TNF-R2 is involved
in the inhibition of an early step of the viral life cycle in primary human
TCDM.
Copyright © 1997, American Society for Microbiology
55- and 75-kilodalton tumor necrosis factor receptors mediate distinct actions in regard to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication in primary human macrophages
Virology Institute of the Faculty of Medicine and INSERM Unit 74, Louis Pasteur University, Strasbourg, France.
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