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J. Virol., 11 1997, 8195-8203, Vol 71, No. 11
Copyright © 1997, American Society for Microbiology

Characteristics of the Pro225His mutation in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reverse transcriptase that appears under selective pressure of dose-escalating quinoxaline treatment of HIV-1

H Pelemans, R Esnouf, A Dunkler, MA Parniak, AM Vandamme, A Karlsson, E De Clercq, JP Kleim and J Balzarini
Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium.

Treatment of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected CEM cell cultures with escalating concentrations of the quinoxaline S-2720 resulted in an ordered appearance of single and multiple mutant virus strains that gradually became resistant to the quinoxaline and other nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitors (NNRTIs). A novel mutation, Pro225His, consistently appeared in a Val106Ala RT-mutated genetic background. The contribution of this mutation to the resistance of the mutant HIV-1 RT to NNRTIs was additive to the resistance caused by the Val106Ala mutation. Interestingly, site-directed mutagenesis studies revealed that the Pro225His-mutated RT had acquired markedly greater sensitivity to bis(heteroaryl)piperazine (BHAP U-90152) (delavirdine) but not to any of the other NNRTIs. The kinetics of inhibition of the Pro225His mutant RT by the NNRTIs (including BHAP U- 90152) was not substantially different from that observed for the wild- type RT. The hypersensitivity of the mutant enzyme and virus to BHAP U- 90152 could be rationally explained by the molecular-structural determinants of the RT-BHAP complex, which has recently been resolved by X-ray crystallography.

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