J. Virol., Sep 1996, 5916-5921, Vol 70, No. 9
Copyright © 1996, American Society for Microbiology

Directional budding of human immunodeficiency virus from monocytes

ME Perotti, X Tan and DM Phillips
Department of General Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Milan, Italy.

Time-lapse cinematography revealed that activated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected monocytes crawl along surfaces, putting forward a leading pseudopod. Scanning electron micrographs showed monocyte pseudopods associated with spherical structures the size of HIV virions, and transmission electron micrographs revealed HIV virions budding from pseudopods. Filamentous actin (F-actin) was localized by electron microscopy in the pseudopod by heavy meromyosin decoration. Colocalization of F-actin and p24 viral antigen by light microscopy immunofluorescence indicated that F-actin and virus were present on the same pseudopod. These observations indicate that monocytes produce virus from a leading pseudopod. We suggest that HIV secretion at the leading edges of donor monocytes/macrophages may be an efficient way for HIV to infect target cells.

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