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J. Virol., 07 1996, 4220-4227, Vol 70, No. 7
D Braaten, EK Franke and J Luban
The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Gag polyprotein binds to
cyclophilin A and incorporates this cellular peptidyl prolyl- isomerase
into virions. Disruption of cyclophilin A incorporation, either by gag
mutations or by cyclosporine A, inhibits virion infectivity, indicating
that cyclophilin A plays an essential role in the HIV-1 life cycle. Using
assays for packaging of cyclophilin A into virions and for viral
replication sensitivity to cyclosporine A, as well as information gleaned
from the alignment of Gag residues encoded by representative viral
isolates, we demonstrate that of the five lineages of primate
immunodeficiency viruses, only HIV-1 requires cyclophilin A for
replication. Cloned viral isolates from clades A, B, and D of HIV-1 group
M, as well as a phylogenetically related isolate from chimpanzee, all
require cyclophilin A for replication. In contrast, the replication of two
outlier (group O) HIV-1 isolates is unaffected by concentrations of
cyclosporine A which disrupt cyclophilin A incorporation into virions,
indicating that these viruses are capable of replicating independently of
cyclophilin A. These studies identify the first phenotypic difference
between HIV-1 group M and group O and are consistent with phylogenetic
studies suggesting that the two HIV-1 groups were introduced into human
populations via separate zoonotic transmission events.
Copyright © 1996, American Society for Microbiology
Cyclophilin A is required for the replication of group M human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and simian immunodeficiency virus SIV(CPZ)GAB but not group O HIV-1 or other primate immunodeficiency viruses
Department of Microbiology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032, USA.
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