Respiratory synctial virus infection in BALB/c mice previously immunized with formalin-inactivated virus induces enhanced pulmonary inflammatory response with a predominant Th2-like cytokine pattern

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J. Virol., May 1996, 2852-2860, Vol 70, No. 5
Copyright © 1996, American Society for Microbiology

Respiratory synctial virus infection in BALB/c mice previously immunized with formalin-inactivated virus induces enhanced pulmonary inflammatory response with a predominant Th2-like cytokine pattern

ME Waris, C Tsou, DD Erdman, SR Zaki and LJ Anderson
Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center of Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA.

Vaccination with formalin-inactivated respiratory syncytial virus (FI- RSV) caused excessive disease in infants upon subsequent natural infection with RSV. Recent studies with BALB/c mice have suggested that T cells are important contributors to lung immunopathology during RSV infection. In this study, we investigated vaccine-induced enhanced disease by immunizing BALB/c mice with live RSV intranasally or with FI- RSV intramuscularly. The mice were challenged with RSV 6 weeks later, and the pulmonary inflammatory response was studied by analyzing cells obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage 4 and 8 days after challenge. FI-RSV- immunized mice had an increased number of total cells, granulocytes, eosinophils, and CD4+ cells but a decreased number of CD8+ cells. The immunized mice also had a marked increase in the expression of mRNA for the Th2-type cytokines interleukin-5 (IL-5) and IL-13 as well as some increase in the expression of IL-10 (a Th2-type cytokine) mRNA and some decrease in the expression of IL-12 (a Th1-type cytokine) mRNA. The clear difference in the pulmonary inflammatory response to RSV between FI-RSV- and live-RSV-immunized mice suggests that this model can be used to evaluate the disease-enhancing potential of candidate RSV vaccines and better understand enhanced disease.

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