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J. Virol., May 1995, 2737-2744, Vol 69, No. 5
JE Clements, RC Montelaro, MC Zink, AM Amedee, S Miller, AM Trichel, B Jagerski, D Hauer, LN Martin and RP Bohm
The simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) macaque model of AIDS has provided
a valuable system with which to investigate vaccine approaches for
protection against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection.
In particular, the ability of macaques persistently infected with
attenuated infectious molecular clones of SIV to resist challenge with the
pathogenic parental swarm has conclusively demonstrated that protective
immunity can be achieved by immunization prior to exposure. The breadth of
these protective responses and the immunological correlates of protection,
however, have not been identified. In addition, vaccine studies have mainly
employed lymphocyte-tropic strains of HIV-1 and SIV. Recent studies have
implicated macrophage- tropic strains in the transmission of HIV-1 and have
suggested that these virus strains should be examined in vaccine
strategies. Macrophage-tropic viruses may confer additional advantages in
the induction of protective immunity by replication in antigen-presenting
cells. In this study, the immune response of rhesus macaques inoculated
with an attenuated macrophage-tropic recombinant of SIVmac239 (SIV/17E- Cl)
was evaluated with respect to protective immunity by heterologous challenge
at various times after infection. Vigorous type-specific
neutralizing-antibody responses restricted to SIV/17E-Cl were evident by 2
weeks postinfection. By 7 months, however, cross-reactive neutralizing
antibodies emerged which neutralized not only SIV/17E-Cl but also the
heterologous primary isolate SIV/DeltaB670. Challenge of
SIV/17E-Cl-infected monkeys with SIV/DeltaB670 at various times
postinfection demonstrated that protective responses were associated with
the appearance of cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies. Furthermore,
passive transfer of sera from SIV/17E-Cl-infected animals passively
protected two of four naive recipients.
Copyright © 1995, American Society for Microbiology
Cross-protective immune responses induced in rhesus macaques by immunization with attenuated macrophage-tropic simian immunodeficiency virus
Division of Comparative Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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