This Article Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Reprints and Permissions Copyright Information Books from ASM Press MicrobeWorld Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Lieberman, P M Articles by Berk, A J Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Lieberman, P M Articles by Berk, A J

 Previous Article  |  Next Article 

J Virol. 1990 June; 64(6): 2560-2568

In vitro transcriptional activation, dimerization, and DNA-binding specificity of the Epstein-Barr virus Zta protein.

Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles 90024.

ABSTRACT

The Epstein-Barr virus BZLF1 immediate-early gene encodes a transcriptional activator protein, Zta, which acts as a key regulatory switch in the transition between the latent and lytic viral life cycle. In this work, full-length Zta was expressed at high levels in Escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity by DNA affinity chromatography. The bacterial protein bound to specific target sequences (Zta response elements) and activated transcription in vitro from an Epstein-Barr virus early target promoter (BHLF1). Zta bound to DNA as a dimer. The formation of a heterodimer with a Zta deletion mutant was detected by gel electrophoresis mobility shift assays. Footprinting analysis on the BHLF1, BZLF1, and simian virus 40 control regions revealed multiple binding sites with no simple consensus sequence. Zta bound upstream from its own promoter at low concentrations, while at high concentrations it bound at the transcription start site, suggesting that it may activate and then autoregulate its own expression. These results demonstrate that Zta is a sequence-specific DNA-binding transcription factor.

This article has been cited by other articles:

• Wiedmer, A., Wang, P., Zhou, J., Rennekamp, A. J., Tiranti, V., Zeviani, M., Lieberman, P. M. (2008). Epstein-Barr Virus Immediate-Early Protein Zta Co-Opts Mitochondrial Single-Stranded DNA Binding Protein To Promote Viral and Inhibit Mitochondrial DNA Replication. J. Virol. 82: 4647-4655 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Schelcher, C., Al Mehairi, S., Verrall, E., Hope, Q., Flower, K., Bromley, B., Woolfson, D. N., West, M. J., Sinclair, A. J. (2007). Atypical bZIP Domain of Viral Transcription Factor Contributes to Stability of Dimer Formation and Transcriptional Function. J. Virol. 81: 7149-7155 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Colletti, K. S., Smallenburg, K. E., Xu, Y., Pari, G. S. (2007). Human Cytomegalovirus UL84 Interacts with an RNA Stem-Loop Sequence Found within the RNA/DNA Hybrid Region of oriLyt. J. Virol. 81: 7077-7085 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Wang, P., Day, L., Lieberman, P. M. (2006). Multivalent Sequence Recognition by Epstein-Barr Virus Zta Requires Cysteine 171 and an Extension of the Canonical B-ZIP Domain. J. Virol. 80: 10942-10949 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Heston, L., El-Guindy, A., Countryman, J., Dela Cruz, C., Delecluse, H.-J., Miller, G. (2006). Amino Acids in the Basic Domain of Epstein-Barr Virus ZEBRA Protein Play Distinct Roles in DNA Binding, Activation of Early Lytic Gene Expression, and Promotion of Viral DNA Replication.. J. Virol. 80: 9115-9133 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Huang, J., Liao, G., Chen, H., Wu, F. Y., Hutt-Fletcher, L., Hayward, G. S., Hayward, S. D. (2006). Contribution of C/EBP Proteins to Epstein-Barr Virus Lytic Gene Expression and Replication in Epithelial Cells. J. Virol. 80: 1098-1109 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Wang, P., Day, L., Dheekollu, J., Lieberman, P. M. (2005). A Redox-Sensitive Cysteine in Zta Is Required for Epstein-Barr Virus Lytic Cycle DNA Replication. J. Virol. 79: 13298-13309 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Adamson, A. L. (2005). Epstein-Barr Virus BZLF1 Protein Binds to Mitotic Chromosomes. J. Virol. 79: 7899-7904 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Liao, G., Huang, J., Fixman, E. D., Hayward, S. D. (2005). The Epstein-Barr Virus Replication Protein BBLF2/3 Provides an Origin-Tethering Function through Interaction with the Zinc Finger DNA Binding Protein ZBRK1 and the KAP-1 Corepressor. J. Virol. 79: 245-256 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Lin, Z., Yin, Q., Flemington, E. (2004). Identification of a Negative Regulatory Element in the Epstein-Barr Virus Zta Transactivation Domain That Is Regulated by the Cell Cycle Control Factors c-Myc and E2F1. J. Virol. 78: 11962-11971 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Lavens, S., Faust, E. A., Lu, F., Jacob, M., Leta, M., Lieberman, P. M., Pure, E. (2004). Identification of Protein Tyrosine Kinases Required for B-Cell- Receptor-Mediated Activation of an Epstein-Barr Virus Immediate-Early Gene Promoter. J. Virol. 78: 8543-8551 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• El-Guindy, A. S., Miller, G. (2004). Phosphorylation of Epstein-Barr Virus ZEBRA Protein at Its Casein Kinase 2 Sites Mediates Its Ability To Repress Activation of a Viral Lytic Cycle Late Gene by Rta. J. Virol. 78: 7634-7644 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Wu, F. Y., Wang, S. E., Chen, H., Wang, L., Hayward, S. D., Hayward, G. S. (2004). CCAAT/Enhancer Binding Protein {alpha} Binds to the Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) ZTA Protein through Oligomeric Interactions and Contributes to Cooperative Transcriptional Activation of the ZTA Promoter through Direct Binding to the ZII and ZIIIB Motifs during Induction of the EBV Lytic Cycle. J. Virol. 78: 4847-4865 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Wu, F. Y., Wang, S. E., Tang, Q.-Q., Fujimuro, M., Chiou, C.-J., Zheng, Q., Chen, H., Hayward, S. D., Lane, M. D., Hayward, G. S. (2003). Cell Cycle Arrest by Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Replication-Associated Protein Is Mediated at both the Transcriptional and Posttranslational Levels by Binding to CCAAT/Enhancer-Binding Protein {alpha} and p21CIP-1. J. Virol. 77: 8893-8914 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Hicks, M. R., Al-Mehairi, S. S., Sinclair, A. J. (2003). The Zipper Region of Epstein-Barr Virus bZIP Transcription Factor Zta Is Necessary but Not Sufficient To Direct DNA Binding. J. Virol. 77: 8173-8177 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Deng, Z., Chen, C.-J., Chamberlin, M., Lu, F., Blobel, G. A., Speicher, D., Cirillo, L. A., Zaret, K. S., Lieberman, P. M. (2003). The CBP Bromodomain and Nucleosome Targeting Are Required for Zta-Directed Nucleosome Acetylation and Transcription Activation. Mol. Cell. Biol. 23: 2633-2644 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Wu, F. Y., Chen, H., Wang, S. E., apRhys, C. M. J., Liao, G., Fujimuro, M., Farrell, C. J., Huang, J., Hayward, S. D., Hayward, G. S. (2002). CCAAT/Enhancer Binding Protein {alpha} Interacts with ZTA and Mediates ZTA-Induced p21CIP-1 Accumulation and G1 Cell Cycle Arrest during the Epstein-Barr Virus Lytic Cycle. J. Virol. 77: 1481-1500 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Wang, S. E., Wu, F. Y., Fujimuro, M., Zong, J., Hayward, S. D., Hayward, G. S. (2002). Role of CCAAT/Enhancer-Binding Protein Alpha (C/EBP{alpha}) in Activation of the Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus (KSHV) Lytic-Cycle Replication-Associated Protein (RAP) Promoter in Cooperation with the KSHV Replication and Transcription Activator (RTA) and RAP. J. Virol. 77: 600-623 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Mitsouras, K., Wong, B., Arayata, C., Johnson, R. C., Carey, M. (2002). The DNA Architectural Protein HMGB1 Displays Two Distinct Modes of Action That Promote Enhanceosome Assembly. Mol. Cell. Biol. 22: 4390-4401 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Deng, Z., Chen, C.-J., Zerby, D., Delecluse, H.-J., Lieberman, P. M. (2001). Identification of Acidic and Aromatic Residues in the Zta Activation Domain Essential for Epstein-Barr Virus Reactivation. J. Virol. 75: 10334-10347 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Liao, G., Wu, F. Y., Hayward, S. D. (2001). Interaction with the Epstein-Barr Virus Helicase Targets Zta to DNA Replication Compartments. J. Virol. 75: 8792-8802 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Hicks, M. R., Balesaria, S., Medina-Palazon, C., Pandya, M. J., Woolfson, D. N., Sinclair, A. J. (2001). Biophysical Analysis of Natural Variants of the Multimerization Region of Epstein-Barr Virus Lytic-Switch Protein BZLF1. J. Virol. 75: 5381-5384 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Wu, F. Y., Ahn, J.-H., Alcendor, D. J., Jang, W.-J., Xiao, J., Hayward, S. D., Hayward, G. S. (2001). Origin-Independent Assembly of Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus DNA Replication Compartments in Transient Cotransfection Assays and Association with the ORF-K8 Protein and Cellular PML. J. Virol. 75: 1487-1506 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Bell, P., Lieberman, P. M., Maul, G. G. (2000). Lytic but Not Latent Replication of Epstein-Barr Virus Is Associated with PML and Induces Sequential Release of Nuclear Domain 10 Proteins. J. Virol. 74: 11800-11810 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Segouffin-Cariou, C., Farjot, G., Sergeant, A., Gruffat, H. (2000). Characterization of the Epstein-Barr virus BRRF1 gene, located between early genes BZLF1 and BRLF1. J. Gen. Virol. 81: 1791-1799 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Aho, S., Buisson, M., Pajunen, T., Ryoo, Y. W., Giot, J.-F., Gruffat, H., Sergeant, A., Uitto, J. (2000). Ubinuclein, a Novel Nuclear Protein Interacting with Cellular and Viral Transcription Factors. J. Cell Biol. 148: 1165-1176 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Rodriguez, A., Armstrong, M., Dwyer, D., Flemington, E. (1999). Genetic Dissection of Cell Growth Arrest Functions Mediated by the Epstein-Barr Virus Lytic Gene Product, Zta. J. Virol. 73: 9029-9038 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Francis, A., Ragoczy, T., Gradoville, L., Heston, L., El-Guindy, A., Endo, Y., Miller, G. (1999). Amino Acid Substitutions Reveal Distinct Functions of Serine 186 of the ZEBRA Protein in Activation of Early Lytic Cycle Genes and Synergy with the Epstein-Barr Virus R Transactivator. J. Virol. 73: 4543-4551 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Liu, P., Liu, S., Speck, S. H. (1998). Identification of a Negative cis Element within the ZII Domain of the Epstein-Barr Virus Lytic Switch BZLF1 Gene Promoter. J. Virol. 72: 8230-8239 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Lehman, A. M., Ellwood, K. B., Middleton, B. E., Carey, M. (1998). Compensatory Energetic Relationships between Upstream Activators and the RNA Polymerase II General Transcription Machinery. J. Biol. Chem. 273: 932-939 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Zhou, Q, Boyer, T G, Berk, A J (1993). Factors (TAFs) required for activated transcription interact with TATA box-binding protein conserved core domain.. Genes Dev. 7: 180-187 [Abstract]  
• Zhou, Q, Lieberman, P M, Boyer, T G, Berk, A J (1992). Holo-TFIID supports transcriptional stimulation by diverse activators and from a TATA-less promoter.. Genes Dev. 6: 1964-1974 [Abstract]  
• Lieberman, P M, Berk, A J (1991). The Zta trans-activator protein stabilizes TFIID association with promoter DNA by direct protein-protein interaction.. Genes Dev. 5: 2441-2454 [Abstract]