This Article Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Reprints and Permissions Copyright Information Books from ASM Press MicrobeWorld Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Will, H Articles by Schaller, H Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Will, H Articles by Schaller, H

 Previous Article  |  Next Article 

J Virol. 1987 March; 61(3): 904-911

Replication strategy of human hepatitis B virus.

ABSTRACT

To study the replication strategy of the human hepatitis B virus, the 5' end of the RNA pregenome and the initiation sites of DNA plus and minus strands have been mapped. The RNA pregenome was found to be terminally redundant by 120 nucleotides; it is initiated within the pre-C region and may also function as mRNA for synthesis of the major core protein and the hepatitis B virus reverse transcriptase. The hepatitis B virus DNA minus strand is initiated within the direct repeat sequence DR1, it contains a terminal redundancy of up to eight nucleotides, and its synthesis does not require any template switch. The DNA plus strand is primed by a short oligoribonucleotide probably derived from the 5' end of the RNA pregenome, and its synthesis is initiated close to the direct repeat sequence DR2. For its elongation to pass the discontinuity in the DNA minus strand an intramolecular template switch occurs using the terminal redundancy of this template. Thus, the route of reverse transcription and DNA replication of hepatitis B viruses is fundamentally different from that of retroviruses.

This article has been cited by other articles:

• Guo, H., Jiang, D., Zhou, T., Cuconati, A., Block, T. M., Guo, J.-T. (2007). Characterization of the Intracellular Deproteinized Relaxed Circular DNA of Hepatitis B Virus: an Intermediate of Covalently Closed Circular DNA Formation. J. Virol. 81: 12472-12484 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Warner, N., Locarnini, S., Kuiper, M., Bartholomeusz, A., Ayres, A., Yuen, L., Shaw, T. (2007). The L80I Substitution in the Reverse Transcriptase Domain of the Hepatitis B Virus Polymerase Is Associated with Lamivudine Resistance and Enhanced Viral Replication In Vitro. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 51: 2285-2292 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Lewellyn, E. B., Loeb, D. D. (2007). Base Pairing between cis-Acting Sequences Contributes to Template Switching during Plus-Strand DNA Synthesis in Human Hepatitis B Virus. J. Virol. 81: 6207-6215 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Wang, R. Y.-L., Shen, C.-N., Lin, M.-H., Tosh, D., Shih, C. (2005). Hepatocyte-Like Cells Transdifferentiated from a Pancreatic Origin Can Support Replication of Hepatitis B Virus. J. Virol. 79: 13116-13128 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Anderson, A. L., Banks, K. E., Pontoglio, M., Yaniv, M., McLachlan, A. (2005). Alpha/Beta Interferon Differentially Modulates the Clearance of Cytoplasmic Encapsidated Replication Intermediates and Nuclear Covalently Closed Circular Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) DNA from the Livers of Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1{alpha}-Null HBV Transgenic Mice. J. Virol. 79: 11045-11052 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Zhang, Y.-Y., Theele, D. P., Summers, J. (2005). Age-Related Differences in Amplification of Covalently Closed Circular DNA at Early Times after Duck Hepatitis B Virus Infection of Ducks. J. Virol. 79: 9896-9903 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Tang, H., Delgermaa, L., Huang, F., Oishi, N., Liu, L., He, F., Zhao, L., Murakami, S. (2005). The Transcriptional Transactivation Function of HBx Protein Is Important for Its Augmentation Role in Hepatitis B Virus Replication. J. Virol. 79: 5548-5556 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Lin, X., Ma, Z.-M., Yao, X., He, L.-F., Yuan, Z.-H., Ding, J.-P., Wen, Y.-M. (2005). Substitution of proline 306 in the reverse transcriptase domain of hepatitis B virus regulates replication. J. Gen. Virol. 86: 85-90 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Ganem, D., Prince, A. M. (2004). Hepatitis B Virus Infection -- Natural History and Clinical Consequences. NEJM 350: 1118-1129 [Full Text]  
• Liu, N., Ji, L., Maguire, M. L., Loeb, D. D. (2004). cis-Acting Sequences That Contribute to the Synthesis of Relaxed-Circular DNA of Human Hepatitis B Virus. J. Virol. 78: 642-649 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Banks, K. E., Anderson, A. L., Tang, H., Hughes, D. E., Costa, R. H., McLachlan, A. (2002). Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 3{beta} Inhibits Hepatitis B Virus Replication In Vivo. J. Virol. 76: 12974-12980 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Tang, H., McLachlan, A. (2002). Mechanisms of Inhibition of Nuclear Hormone Receptor-Dependent Hepatitis B Virus Replication by Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 3{beta}. J. Virol. 76: 8572-8581 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Tang, H., McLachlan, A. (2002). Avian and Mammalian Hepadnaviruses Have Distinct Transcription Factor Requirements for Viral Replication. J. Virol. 76: 7468-7472 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Alcantara, F. F., Tang, H., McLachlan, A. (2002). Functional characterization of the interferon regulatory element in the enhancer 1 region of the hepatitis B virus genome. Nucleic Acids Res 30: 2068-2075 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Mueller-Hill, K., Loeb, D. D. (2002). cis-Acting Sequences 5E, M, and 3E Interact To Contribute to Primer Translocation and Circularization during Reverse Transcription of Avian Hepadnavirus DNA. J. Virol. 76: 4260-4266 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Lin, X., Yuan, Z.-H., Wu, L., Ding, J.-P., Wen, Y.-M. (2001). A Single Amino Acid in the Reverse Transcriptase Domain of Hepatitis B Virus Affects Virus Replication Efficiency. J. Virol. 75: 11827-11833 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Tang, H., Raney, A. K., McLachlan, A. (2001). Replication of the Wild Type and a Natural Hepatitis B Virus Nucleocapsid Promoter Variant Is Differentially Regulated by Nuclear Hormone Receptors in Cell Culture. J. Virol. 75: 8937-8948 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Loeb, D. D., Tian, R. (2001). Mutations That Increase In Situ Priming Also Decrease Circularization for Duck Hepatitis B Virus. J. Virol. 75: 6492-6497 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Raney, A. K., Eggers, C. M., Kline, E. F., Guidotti, L. G., Pontoglio, M., Yaniv, M., McLachlan, A. (2001). Nuclear Covalently Closed Circular Viral Genomic DNA in the Liver of Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1{alpha}-Null Hepatitis B Virus Transgenic Mice. J. Virol. 75: 2900-2911 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Xie, Y., Li, M., Wang, Y., Hofschneider, P. H., Weiss, L. (2001). Site-specific mutation of the hepatitis B virus enhancer II B1 element: effect on virus transcription and replication. J. Gen. Virol. 82: 531-535 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Lott, L., Beames, B., Notvall, L., Lanford, R. E. (2000). Interaction between Hepatitis B Virus Core Protein and Reverse Transcriptase. J. Virol. 74: 11479-11489 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Jeong, J.-K., Yoon, G.-S., Ryu, W.-S. (2000). Evidence that the 5'-End Cap Structure Is Essential for Encapsidation of Hepatitis B Virus Pregenomic RNA. J. Virol. 74: 5502-5508 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Nakanishi-Matsui, M., Hayashi, Y., Kitamura, Y., Koike, K. (2000). Integrated Hepatitis B Virus DNA Preserves the Binding Sequence of Transcription Factor Yin and Yang 1 at the Virus-Cell Junction. J. Virol. 74: 5562-5568 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Chisari, F. V. (2000). Viruses, Immunity, and Cancer: Lessons from Hepatitis B. Am. J. Pathol. 156: 1117-1132 [Full Text]  
• Bowyer, S. M., Sim, J. G. M. (2000). Relationships within and between genotypes of hepatitis B virus at points across the genome: footprints of recombination in certain isolates. J. Gen. Virol. 81: 379-392 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Ishida, H., Ueda, K., Ohkawa, K., Kanazawa, Y., Hosui, A., Nakanishi, F., Mita, E., Kasahara, A., Sasaki, Y., Hori, M., Hayashi, N. (2000). Identification of Multiple Transcription Factors, HLF, FTF, and E4BP4, Controlling Hepatitis B Virus Enhancer II. J. Virol. 74: 1241-1251 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Guidotti, L. G., Eggers, C. M., Raney, A. K., Chi, S. Y., Peters, J. M., Gonzalez, F. J., McLachlan, A. (1999). In Vivo Regulation of Hepatitis B Virus Replication by Peroxisome Proliferators. J. Virol. 73: 10377-10386 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• zu Putlitz, J., Lanford, R. E., Carlson, R. I., Notvall, L., de la Monte, S. M., Wands, J. R. (1999). Properties of Monoclonal Antibodies Directed against Hepatitis B Virus Polymerase Protein. J. Virol. 73: 4188-4196 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Lanford, R. E., Kim, Y.-H., Lee, H., Notvall, L., Beames, B. (1999). Mapping of the Hepatitis B Virus Reverse Transcriptase TP and RT Domains by Transcomplementation for Nucleotide Priming and by Protein-Protein Interaction. J. Virol. 73: 1885-1893 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Loeb, D. D., Tian, R., Gulya, K. J., Qualey, A. E. (1998). Changing the Site of Initiation of Plus-Strand DNA Synthesis Inhibits the Subsequent Template Switch during Replication of a Hepadnavirus. J. Virol. 72: 6565-6573 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Wei, Y., Tennant, B., Ganem, D. (1998). In Vivo Effects of Mutations in Woodchuck Hepatitis Virus Enhancer II. J. Virol. 72: 6608-6613 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Baumert, T. F., Marrone, A., Vergalla, J., Liang, T. J. (1998). Naturally Occurring Mutations Define a Novel Function of the Hepatitis B Virus Core Promoter in Core Protein Expression. J. Virol. 72: 6785-6795 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Tang, H., McLachlan, A. (2001). Transcriptional regulation of hepatitis B virus by nuclear hormone receptors is a critical determinant of viral tropism. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98: 1841-1846 [Abstract] [Full Text]